Since the latter study had a placebo group which had redox and methylation biomarkers measured at the beginning and end of the intervention, we use this placebo group as a control group for all three studies in order to determine if the changes in redox and methylation metabolism were significant as a result of the three interventions
Peptides plus AREDS2 supplements for dry AMD Standard dry AMD prevention: AREDS2 formula, vitamins C (500mg), E (400IU), zinc (80mg), copper (2mg), lutein (10mg), zeaxanthin (2mg)
Lactate in small amounts is not bad it actually reduces muscle fatigue but the presence of high levels of lactate (lactic acid) signal that the anaerobic energy production process which produces toxic metabolites that cause pain and fatigue is in full bore
(PubMed) The FDA (USA) explicitly warned compounders about using dietary-supplement-grade glutathione to make sterile injectables, after documented adverse events linked to endotoxin contamination
"Hydrocodone and Acetaminophen (Professional Patient Advice)"