Research looks into its use for peripheral neuropathy, multiple sclerosis-related pain, and other nerve damage
Those most at risk include vegans and vegetarians, people with digestive conditions such as Crohn's disease, coeliac disease or IBS, those taking long-term metformin or proton pump inhibitors, older adults whose ability to absorb B12 through the gut declines naturally with age, those with pernicious anaemia, and anyone with a history of chronic alcohol use
The standard route in research community use and in most published guides
Compounds that disrupt glucose-insulin dynamics typically create hunger patterns that interfere with dietary adherence
However, the appropriate setting for B12 supplementation during pregnancy is under the care of an obstetrician or midwife not a med spa