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HF may cause kidney dysfunction through multiple mechanisms, including neurohormonal activation, inflammation and oxidative stress, with consequent reductions in renal perfusion and augmentation of renal venous pressure

In proof-of-concept studies, NNMT inhibitors (NNMTis) have demonstrated promise as potential treatments for obesity and obesity-related metabolic comorbidities (e.g., T2D, fatty liver) 8,9,13

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels were measured using DCFH-DA and MitoSOX Red, showing that metformin increased oxidative stress within the cells (69)

Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 22 (2), 97

Pharmacol Res 182:106332