For example, if phenytoin levels are therapeutic, the administration of a drug competing for protein binding could double the free phenytoin level (if protein binding decreases from 90% to 80%)
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Common biologic pathway Doctors are taught that "if a patient has an addiction to substance A, you give them the antidote for substance A, such as a nicotine patch for tobacco, or naltrexone for alcohol," Al-Aly said
As a result, the BA pool circulates more quickly, exposing enterohepatic organs and eventually peripheral tissues to a higher flux of BAs during fasting periods of the diurnal cycle
Both these peptide species are trimmed at their N-term, and inactivated by the ubiquitous protease dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), found in the intestinal capillaries, vena porta and liver