For severe deficiency, patients get 1,000 mcg daily for the first week
Medical and Editorial Review This final article has been reviewed for medical context, scientific accuracy, evidence presentation, patient-safety language and editorial clarity by the multidisciplinary panel below
Animal findings cannot predict when, or whether, a person would notice a result, and before-and-after claims often leave out other important factors
Storage and Handling Keep unopened lyophilised material at approximately -20C for long-term storage or 2-8C for short-term laboratory storage
Patients who underwent metabolic surgery showed significantly increased genus richness (ie, diversity) in the gut microbiota compared with those on standard medical therapy, which was correlated with an improvement in metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers (Lau 2021)